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1.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 66(6): 572-576, Nov.-Dec. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-829705

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and objectives: This study compared the rates of acute respiratory failure, reintubation, length of intensive care stay and mortality in patients in whom the non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) was applied instead of the routine venturi face mask (VM) application after a successful weaning. Methods: Following the approval of the hospital ethics committee, 62 patients who were under mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours were scheduled for this study. 12 patients were excluded because of the weaning failure during T-tube trial. The patients who had optimum weaning criteria after the T-tube trial of 30 minutes were extubated. The patients were kept on VM for 1 hour to observe the hemodynamic and respiratory stability. The group of 50 patients who were successful to wean randomly allocated to have either VM (n = 25), or NIV (n = 25). Systolic arterial pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), PaO2, PCO2, and pH values were recorded. Results: The number of patients who developed respiratory failure in the NIV group was significantly less than VM group of patients (3 reintubation vs. 14 NIV + 5 reintubation in the VM group). The length of stay in the ICU was also significantly shorter in NIV group (5.2 ± 4.9 vs. 16.7 ± 7.7 days). Conclusions: The ratio of the respiratory failure and the length of stay in the ICU were lower when non-invasive mechanical ventilation was used after extubation even if the patient is regarded as ‘successfully weaned’. We recommend the use of NIMV in such patients to avoid unexpected ventilator failure.


Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: Este estudo comparou as taxas de insuficiência respiratória aguda, reintubação, tempo de internação em UTI e mortalidade em pacientes sob ventilação mecânica não invasiva (VMNI) em vez da habitual máscara facial de Venturi (MV) após desmame bem-sucedido. Métodos: Após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética do hospital, 62 pacientes que estavam sob ventilação mecânica por no mínimo 48 horas foram inscritos neste estudo. Doze foram excluídos devido à falha de desmame durante o teste de tubo-T. Os que apresentaram critérios de desmame ótimos após o teste de tubo-T de 30 minutos foram extubados. Foram mantidos em MV por uma hora para observação da estabilidade hemodinâmica e respiratória. O grupo de 50 pacientes que obtiveram sucesso no desmame ventilatório foi alocado aleatoriamente para MV (n = 25) ou VNI (n = 25). Os valores de pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (FR), PaO2, PCO2 e pH foram registrados. Resultados: O número de pacientes que desenvolveu insuficiência respiratória no grupo VNI foi significativamente menor do que o do grupo MV (3 reintubações vs. 14 VNI + 5 reintubações no grupo MV). O tempo de permanência em UTI também foi significativamente menor no grupo NIV (5,2 ± 4,9 vs. 16,7 ± 7,7 dias). Conclusões: As taxas de insuficiência respiratória e do tempo de permanência em UTI foram menores quando a ventilação mecânica não invasiva foi usada após a extubação, mesmo se o paciente foi considerado como “desmame bem-sucedido”. Recomendamos o uso de VMNI em tais pacientes para evitar a falha inesperada do ventilador.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Ventilator Weaning/methods , Noninvasive Ventilation/instrumentation , Noninvasive Ventilation/methods , Respiration, Artificial/mortality , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Respiratory Insufficiency/prevention & control , Respiratory Insufficiency/epidemiology , Ventilator Weaning/mortality , Critical Care/statistics & numerical data , Noninvasive Ventilation/mortality , Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data , Longevity , Masks , Middle Aged
2.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 75(1): 11-17, Feb. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-750505

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir la población que ingresó en un centro de desvinculación de la ventilación mecánica y rehabilitación (CDVMR) en asistencia ventilatoria mecánica invasiva (AVMi), analizar su evolución y determinar los predictores de fracaso de la desvinculación de la AVMi. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 763 pacientes que ingresaron en el servicio de Cuidados Respiratorios, en el período comprendido entre mayo 2005 y enero 2012, se seleccionaron 372 con traqueotomía y AVMi. Se analizaron diferentes variables como posibles predictores de desvinculación. La media de edad fue 69 años (DS 14.7), 57% fueron hombres. La mediana de días de internación en la unidad de terapia intensiva (UTI) fue de 33 (rango intercuartilo-RQ 26-46). El 86% de los ingresados a UTI fue por causa médica. Durante la internación en el CDVMR lograron desvincularse el 50%; mediana de días de desvinculación, 13 (RQ 5-38). La edad fue predictor de fracaso de desvinculación. Al estudiar a la subpoblación con desvinculación parcial, se sumó el antecedente de EPOC como predictor. Si bien un 25% de los pacientes falleció o requirió derivación a un centro de mayor complejidad antes de 2 semanas de internación, más de la mitad de los pacientes lograron ser desvinculados definitivamente de la AVMi; esto podría sustentar la atención de pacientes críticos crónicos en CDVMR en la Argentina, ya que los pacientes internados en estos centros tienen buena expectativa de desvinculación, a pesar de las altas chances de desarrollar complicaciones.


The aim of this study was to describe the population admitted to a weaning center (WC) to receive invasive mechanical ventilation (MV), analyze their evolution and identify weaning failure predictors. The medical records of 763 patients admitted to the respiratory care service in the period between May 2005 and January 2012 were reviewed; 372 were selected among 415 tracheotomized and mechanically ventilated. Different variables were analyzed as weaning failure predictors. The mean age of patients admitted was 69 years (SD 14.7), 57% were men. The median length of hospitalization in ICU was 33 days (IQR 26-46). Admission to ICU was due to medical causes in 86% of cases. During hospitalization in WC 186 (50%) patients achieved the successful weaning at a median of 13 days (interquartile range-IQR 5-38). A predictor of weaning failure was age. When we studied the subpopulation with partial disconnection of mechanical ventilation, we found a history of COPD and ageas predictors. Although 25% of the patients died, or required referral to a center of major complexity before 2 weeks of hospitalization, more than half of the patients were able to be removed permanently from the invasive mechanical ventilation (MV), this could support the care of chronic critical patients in MV and rehabilitation centers in Argentina because patients in these centers have a chance of weaning from MV, despite the high chances of developing complications.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications , Respiration , Ventilator Weaning/statistics & numerical data , Age Factors , Argentina , Intensive Care Units , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/mortality , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors , Ventilator Weaning/mortality
3.
Pediatria (Säo Paulo) ; 33(1): 13-20, 2011. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-607250

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Determinar a incidência de falha na extubação em recém-nascidos prematuros extubados, utilizando-se pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas nasais, e identificar os principais fatores de risco que possam estar associados à necessidade de reintubação nessa população. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva dos prontuários de pacientes internados e submetidos a ventilação mecânica invasiva posterior a extubação, utilizando-se pressão positiva contínua por cânula nasal durante o período de janeiro a dezembro de 2008. Falha na extubação foi definida como necessidade de reintubação nas primeiras 48 horas após a primeira tentativa de extubação. Resultados: Dentre os 348 pacientes estudados, 73 foram submetidos a essa tentativa de desmame, sendo que apenas 12 (16,4%) tiveram falha na extubação, e a média de horas extubadas até a reintubação foi de 7,17, com desvio padrão de 6,38. Comparando esses recém-nascidos com aqueles extubados com sucesso, observou-se correlação significativa em relação ao tempo de ventilação mecânica invasiva (p < 0,032) e tempo de internação na unidade (p < 0,028). Alguns resultados secundários também foram diferentes:dos que obtiveram falha na extubação, 67% apresentaram sepse neonatal tardia. Conclusões: O estudo demonstrou uma incidência de falha na extubação semelhante à da literatura. O principal fator de risco para falha nessa população foi o tempo de ventilação mecânica invasiva e o tempo de internação. Nesses prematuros extremos, a implementação de estratégias para extubação precoce e o uso de outros métodos de assistência ventilatória com protocolos pré e pós-extubação podem contribuir para a melhora desses resultados.


Objectives: To determine the incidence of extubation failure in preterm infants extubated using continuous positive airway pressure and to identify the main risk factors that may be associated with reintubation in this population. Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records of patients admitted and submitted to invasive mechanical ventilation after extubation using continuous positive airway pressure by nasal cannula during the period from January to December 2008. Extubation failure was defined as the need for reintubation within 48 hours after the first attempt of extubation. Results: Among the 348 patients studied, 73 were submitted to this attempt at weaning, and only 12 (16.4%) had failed extubation; the average hours until reintubation was 7.17, with standard deviation of 6.38. Comparing these newborns with those successfully extubated, a significant correlation in relation to the time of mechanical ventilation (p < 0.032) and period of admission in the unit (p < 0.028) were observed. Some secondary outcomes were also different: of those who have failed extubation, 67% had late neonatal sepsis. Conclusions: The study showed an incidence of extubation failure similar to that found in literature. The main risk factor for failure in this population was the time of invasive mechanical ventilation and period of hospitalization. In these extremely premature infants, the implementation of strategies for early extubation and the use of other methods of assisted ventilation with pre- and post-extubation may contribute to the improvement of these results.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Ventilator Weaning/adverse effects , Ventilator Weaning/mortality , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Infant Mortality , Infant, Premature , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure , Respiration, Artificial , Risk Factors
4.
São Paulo; s.n; 2005. [82] p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-415024

ABSTRACT

De acordo com dados de literatura, cerca de 15 por cento dos pacientes sob ventilação mecânica prolongada necessitam de reintubação em 48-72 horas após a extubação. O desenvolvimento de instrumentos preditivos do resultado do desmame e a otimização das decisões sobre a extubação requerem o conhecimento dos fatores de risco para a falência do desmame / The rate of weaning failure of patients who are removed from MV and extubated require reintubation within 48-72 horas hours after extubation. Many studies have focused on determining patient readness for weaning failure. Patients requiring reintubation after weaning have a poor prognosis...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Ventilator Weaning/statistics & numerical data , Cohort Studies , Ventilator Weaning/adverse effects , Ventilator Weaning/mortality , Prognosis
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